StarBurst Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

StarBurst Technologies - Case Study ExampleQuality techniques and flavor assessment tools are also suggested in this article.StarBurst Technologies (ST) has their bring up in the field of technology especially in the market of MP4. Their last product has marketed so well that it provided the required capital for the investment in their in the altogether project. That product was Stroll-a device through which all directions to the computer can be given through voice. It was designed to work at the place of mouse.They were going to impel a nonher product which was a mega project too. But this time there are threats to the comp whatevers reputation. Their plants in Australia and Asia were not working at per satisfactory level of quality. The spurned Stroll units were running at 43 percent which is enough ratios to effect the reputation of ST.ST is facing problems of bad reputation as well as most quality issues were also faced by some suppliers. Some of the suppliers were found t o be not working as per requirement of their job and others need much understanding their job.The above all situations were in the mind of the Operations Director (OD) and he was thinking to resolve these issues. He was satisfied on one opinion of the issue that they have four weeks to set all the issues.1- STs suppliers have a number of problems that need fixing. ... 3- There are a number of quality issues highlighted and it is not possible to change all the suppliers, so the only way is to improve how some suppliers work. Provide recommendations for the quality technique a supplier could adopt and why.4- Having selected the quality technique the need is now to make recommendations on their quality assessment tools that can be used in assessing the issues and problems.5- State the assumptions made on any aspect of the article.The main problem described in the report is the working behavior of suppliers of the company. It is the fact that it is hard to change the all supplier stru cture. Rather there should be a planned, well define guideline for system of work of the suppliers to be followed.One to One Market StrategyIt is an approach more than a sales approach. It is also called one component, one supplier, one market strategy. It means to identify the customers needs and then provide the services to one customer at a time. Clearly one supplier will deal with one customer at a moment of time. This strategy aims to recognize the customers requirements, their complaints and issues on which they trust the company to improve its services or products. The basic concept behind this strategy is to concentrate on the customers rather than products or services. It is strongly recommended to identify the companys customers. In customer identification, usually two types of customers are found1- A customer who switches to any other company in seek of bargain.2- A customer who does not switch to any other company rather wants to get a product meeting his/her requiremen ts from the same

Developing Strategic Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing Strategic Thinking - Essay ExampleThe major competition came with the advent and enhancements of Google as it took the major chunk of the mart make out from Google, with its ever innovative stance towards its competition and Google did give a tough time to chawbacon. The biggest competition came with the innovative features and benefits that Google mail provided, compared to yokel mail. However, after suffering and losing its market share to Google, Yahoo began its revamping projects and today is doing quite well, in the existing competitive arena.Yahoo can actually be translated to be called as a irreverent company2. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timed3 SMART objectives seek to define the future of a business alongside control. These are defined to mark long-term objectives and long-term goals of an organization. Yahoo or any other business would only be defined as SMART if it corporate these towards its strategic objectives. Fundam entally, this implies that the goals are precisely stated (specific), quantifiable (measurable) so easy to compare the achievement level, realizable (achievable) in terms of the possibility to attain them, practical (realistic) in viability, and specifically having a time skyline (timed) associated to it4. The business that sets its strategic goals using this benchmark is considered to be a SMART company.When it comes to the information technology-oriented structure of the industry such as the one in which Yahoo prevails, the significance of applying SMART objectives increases drastically, mainly because such industries are ever changing with drastic changes coming in, the out of the box ideas bringing in extreme changes overnight. assume the example of Bill Gates who aimed at having a computer on palms of every user, and palm-tops has gained the momentum in sales today.

Prince Among Slaves Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prince Among Slaves - Movie Review ExampleHe later married an American born enslaved woman whom they had nine children. Abdul Rahman strongly believed in his right for freedom. During his enslavement, Rahman met an Irish ship surgeon whose purport had been saved by his father when he was apart(p) in Africa thus making him the only white man who owed Abdul debt. The Irishs several attempts to purchase Abdul Rahmans freedom but the bond of slaveholding proved strong and Foster refused to sell the man he referred to as Prince. According to IslamiCity , after two more decades and 40 years of enslavement, Abdul met a topical anaesthetic printer who had a friend in US Embassy in Morocco direct to communication between the Moroccan Sultan and president John Quincy that eventually led to his freedom (Web). After the successful appeal by the president to Foster, Rahman was released to go on a condition that he goes to Africa directly without being granted rights of a free man in America. Rahman decided to work hard to get enough money to purchase his family freedom because he did not like the fancy of going back to Africa immediately, which he succeeded early with his wife. He got a setback from the higher prices of his children and grandchildren, which proved too high to raise thus prompting him to open lectures and solicit for donations. He then faced President Adams whom he revealed to that he was not a Moroccan and the President refused to pay any money to instigate him (IslamiCity Web). Nevertheless, sickness and the risk of being returned to Foster drove him to leave without his children in Africa where he further pressed for his childrens freedom but he unfortunately died barely four months after his return. Some of his children were however, purchased ultimately while others remained enslaved and to this date, Abdul Rahman legacy is alive amongst his descendants. Prince Among Slaves is a coherent story that fits together well and pays attention to the no tions much(prenominal) as dates and the reality of enslavement which boosts the viewers confidence that it is true. Information received from the documentary is a true story that is received from a steady-going source and the on our level there is a strong belief to believe that the account is very true. The period of enslavement actually took place in the 1770s and prince Rahman was captured as the history tells it. Professor Terry Alford found the document from Henry Clays that documented the life of Abdul Rahman that prompted him to write a full account of the Prince. Main character is Abdul Rahman who is an African prince that remained enslaved in America for 40 years before he regained his freedom and return to Africa. He falls from a life of power and privileges into enslavement in a foreign land where he endures unimaginable indignities but marries an enslaved woman and has children. It is interesting when he regains freedom after his violet status recognized in the very land he was enslaved. He manages to rescue his wife and some of his children after making several attempts of buying freedom. Rahman is delineated as a man who lived in extraordinary times but did extraordinary things such as purchasing his freedom and other aspects that interweave the written report of bondage and deliverance. He is

Kaesung Industrial Complex in North Korea research paper

Kaesung Industrial Complex in northwestward Korea - Research Paper Exampleplex is a result of the campaign to improve relations between South Korea and North Korea made by Hyundai Group beginning in 1998 that coincided with the Republic of Koreas policy (Manyin 5). In summing up to this, several dozen South Korean companies had facilities there which include chemical, machinery, textile and electronics factories (Britannica.com). Most of the employees are from North Korea, but still, there are people from southerly part too and all together they create a cheap labor for the South. Moreover, it is a duty-free zone that has no restrictions on the use of impertinent currency or credit cards (Manyin 6). However, the political situation also plays an important role in the relationships between two countries. For lawsuit, the deteriorating inter-Korean relations in 2013 take to both countries withdrawal of their employees from the industrial zone. Furthermore, this city is an importa nt cultural and educational center. There were many tombs, palaces and temples which were destroyed during the war, but hopefully many of them were restored and were designated a UNESCO foundation Heritage site in 2013 (Britannica.com).The Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) is an economic enterprise in which companies of southern Korea have set up factories in a North Korean enclave ten miles north of the demilitarized zone. Although, it is a way for South Korean companies to use cheap labor from North Korea for low-end products. The president Roh Moo-hyun who was a liberal, essay to get to Kaesong economically viable. He provided the foreign markets with goods which were produced in the complex. In addition to this, his administration made a lot of attempts to gain a duty-free status for products of Kaesong. Roh tried to place the language in the KORUS FTA. The United States refused to include this language in the agreement because it would give certain benefits to North Korean re gime. It is actually the last example of the inter-Korean cooperation projects. Their relations

Macro-Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macro-Economics - Essay ExampleAggregate demand is the economy-wide demand for goods and function by only economic agents and substance sum up is the total goods and services produced. The macroeconomic model of join demand and aggregate supply determines the relationship between aggregate price level and aggregate output in the short run as well as the long run through the fundamental interaction of all the markets (Mankiw, 2008).The aggregate demand curve, that is the relationship between AD and aggregate price level, is drawn for a given supply of money. It slopes downward since higher the price level, lower is the certain money balances, on account of the Quantity Theory of Money, and so lower is the demand for goods and services. The aggregate supply curve is the relationship between total goods and services produced in the economy and the price level. The long run AS supply curve is vertical while, in the Keynesian macroeconomic model, the short run AS curve is horizonta l since prices are assumed to be sticky in the short run. In the long run, changes in aggregate demand affect prices moreover in the short run, changes in aggregate demand affects output only.Keynes proposed that low aggregate demand is responsible for low income and high un meshing that characterize economic downturns. This is in contrast to the classical view that aggregate supply, depending on the supply of labor capital and technology, determines national income. To reconcile these two views, it is considered that in the long run, prices are conciliatory so that aggregate supply determines the national income while in the short run, prices are sticky so that aggregate demand determines national income (Mankiw, 2008).The IS-LM model of aggregate demand represents the interaction of the goods and money markets. The IS curve is a downward sloping relationship between rate of interest and output that is derived from the equilibrium in the goods market. Here, aforethought(ip) expe nditure, given by the total of consumption, investment and giving medication expenditure in the closed economy and in addition, net exports in the open economy, is equal to the existent expenditure, given by the total output. Consumption depends on the disposable income after paying taxes, investment on interest rates, through the loanable funds market, and exogenously given political relation expenditure and net exports. In the money market, the LM curve denotes the relationship between rate of interest and output such that real money supply is equal to the real money demand. Even though money supply and prices are exogenous in the short run, real money demand depends positively on output (through the quantity theory of money) and rate of interest (through the theory of liquidity preference). The intersection of the IS and LM curve gives the equilibrium rate of interest and output. Thus, the interaction of the money market, the goods market and the loanable funds market determin es equilibrium output and rate of interest. This may or may not be equal to the full employment output which is achieved in the long run when prices are flexible (Mankiw, 2008).Role of Government PoliciesIf the economy is producing less than full employment output at equilibrium, the government can increase output by either fiscal policy or monetary policy. Fiscal policies to

Reflective Clinical Journal Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Reflective Clinical Journal - Personal Statement ExampleMy Background I am a mother with children and my journey into homeopathy practice started about 14 years ago when I gave birth to my first son. Due to the complications of the pregnancy, I was asked to reduce a homeopath and my subsequent treatment and interactions with the doctor, formed a new perspective about homeopathy. Since thence, I have been fascinated and curious about the subject, and then decided to join a college, and make a career as a homeopathic doctor. I hope to use this opportunity to increase my acquaintance about the subject, treat patients, and help them to lead a better life, free from excessively powerful drugs. I like to help people, share my experiences, and knowledge with psyche who will benefit from them, and it is the best gift for me. I believe in being honest and sincere with myself this very important about my experiences. Through this brooding statement, I want, through my practice, to show to people I come across with, how important it is, and simple it is, be honest with you.Our school uses video clinics where the patient is examined in a separate room with a camera. The camera transmits the entire treatment process to another room where we students baffle and watch the proceedings on a large, flat TV screen. The camera is placed in such a manner, that it captures all the questions asked by the student doctor and the questions posed by the doctor in attendance. The sessions are very interesting since we can see the manner in which patients interact with the patient, their initial inhibition at opening up and while approximately people are hesitant to speak about their illness, others are voluble and it is difficult to actually get them to quieten down.I had a chance to sit in as an observer in the clinic with one of the students who was already quiet advanced, and she was very confident in what she was doing. Our patient was an old woman suffering from leukaemia, and she was spirit for a help to go though

Plato and Nietzsche on Authority Essay Example for Free

Plato and Nietzsche on Authority Es consecrateNietzsche and Plato cause many similarities in their discussion of political philosophy. Both disthe likes of and hold contempt for res publica, and both privilege a meritocratic eachy chosen elite holding authority. There atomic number 18 even many similarities between the characteristics that they require in the group. How perpetually, in that respect atomic number 18 diversitys too. Nietzsche doesnt outline a strict theory of authority, as Plato does. His governmental brass, although it hardly is, could be interpreted, and has been, in many disparate ways. And, although both of them think that they hurt confirm their authority, there perk up been several discussions on to whether they are, and in what society they would be relevant. These discussions are perhaps at the core of finding the key differences and usable elements of their philosophies.The nonion of authority rear endister be discussed in two main souls . For unity, it can be used to discuss a person or groups right to dominion. The another(prenominal) is when you talk of somebody being an authority on a topic. Both of these quest the subordination of personal judgement to that of another and just somewhat political theorists would consider this subordination to be binding. One of the main problems is if you should surrender your own personal judgement independent of the content of the authoritys ideas both Nietzsche and Plato would say that whiz should, as their wind instrumenters are both an authority on a topic and substantiate the right to rule. When authority comes from distinguishledge, it doesnt necessarily cockeyed that the authority has power, for example as in a teacher trying to control a class at a school. However, in politics, an effective authority must be allied to power.If the authority is recognised, so it is de facto authority. If it is ba swanified, thence it is de jure authority, and most de fact o authorities claim that they are both de facto and de jure. Plato and Nietzsche both argue for a de facto authority (sensibly who wants to impose an authority that is ignored?) and they both outline what they regard to be justification for this authority. This justification is at the centre of much of political philosophy, as it is important to discover if the justification works. Authority differs, because, from warrant power, as reassert power in itself does not involve subordination of judgement if theyre not recognised, then they cannot require that muckle follow their rule.Legitimacy is also an issue. In a democratic state, electoral fraud would lead to a leader being illegitimate there is also no guaranteed way to prevent electoral fraud. However, as Nietzsche and Plato are both anti-majority rule, illegitimacy this way would obviously be an issue. However, if either of their desired leaders were to seize power (either by force or just accidentally falling into power), there would be definite issues with plurality who didnt believe their justification. In this case, their authority could be considered illegitimate.Plato, especially in Republic, gives epistemology and meta physical science substantial roles in political philosophy. In Platos ideally just city, philosophers would gain power, or, at the very least, rulers would have to engage sincerely and adequately in philosophy. Plato also suggests a rigorous homework program for his philosopher-kings they must have their emotions properly trained. Would this lack of emotion make for a good authority? Many would say that you cannot be emotional near your leadership because then your judgement would be swayed by too many essential factors. However, the thought of a leader without emotion is particularly daunting how would they endure what would affect the population, and more importantly how? Emotions are an important part of human life, and a great leader would have to understand (and this would usually be scoop understood by feeling the emotions oneself) human life to be effective. Plato argues that this would come from knowledge of the Forms, the perfect example of something there is one for every notion that exists on earth. The Form of tables, the Form of emotions, or even the Form of drinks are all verbalize to exist.The meticulous training includes imparting knowledge about these forms and prepares the mind for this lineation thought by rigorously training the rulers in mathematics. The philosophers knowledge of the Forms would include knowledge of the Form of Good, which is the keystone of the corpse, and therefore is essential for order. If one takes the Forms to be a original (or even just realistic) idea then it is sensible for a leader to understand what the true notion of good is. If one knows good then one can use this mould to shit a good system, which is surely more reliable than basing it on subjective ideas. The Forms are like a faith, which m akes Platos system almost a theocracy (unlike the authority of Nietzsche) and this has been implemented as a political system before.In the past, however, people have become dissatisfied with the religion that they are forced to book with. Atheism is becoming more and more accepted than before, as many new scientific discoveries render perfection little and less plausible, and as Nietzsche would put it, less multipurpose as a purpose. All this taken into account intend that knowledge of the Forms belike wouldnt be useful for an authority (especially in a modern era), but it is not necessarily a bad idea for an authority figure to be well knowing in philosophy. Philosophy introduces abstract thought (like Plato suggested) and calls for knowledge in logic. Abstract thought is useful when trying to find theories that fit with the real world where would physics and chemistry be without abstract thought concerning the atom?another(prenominal) key question on the subject of rel igion was raised by Nietzsche. Is there anything that can be taken from religion, even if one wasnt to be imposing religion onto a state, as Plato does? Nietzsche believes that, although religion in itself is too dogmatic and God is unserviceable as a concept, the passion behind religion is admirable, and would be one of the key characteristics of his new philosophers. Nietzsches new philosopher, as contradictory to the more traditional concept of Plato, would be more like a contemporary artist than a contemporary philosopher. They would not even necessarily be searching for the truth.These new philosophers are the Ubermensch and coupled with this think outside the box attitude, they have a strong Will to Power, which makes them the perfect leader. They crave solitude, when independence is not necessary or normally preferred, which Nietzsche says is an example of exercising the forget to power over oneself he also calls it a privilege of the strong. Plato agrees, and says that the philosopher follows truth alone. These new philosopher overmen dont follow the rules that are before long put in place by Christianity and slave morality like self-sacrifice for ones neighbour and self-denial. Similarly to Platos philosopher kings, these Ubermensch/new philosophers are uncommitted to anyone or anything, and they are not afraid to break the boundaries currently put in place by political authorities.-Of course, these philosophers that are in power must be significantly different from those that we call philosophers today. Nietzsche says that every great philosophy so far has been just the personal confession of its author meaning that philosophy is subjective and just establish and what you want to believe and think. Here, social class, education, religion, parents and friends all play a part in what you write down as your philosophy. As antecedently mentioned, Nietzsche wants to use people who a free thinkers, someone that yearns to be set free from the crowd. Plato agrees when Adeimantus says that people who study philosophy too long become weird, diabolical creatures, useless to society philosophers arent currently as useful to politics as they should be, according to both theories of authority.There are other examples of when a more metaphysical concept has been implemented by an authority. Religious people very much hold God (rather than the Forms or the free thinkers of Nietzsche) as the ultimate authority, and although we have discussed briefly the problems with reservation this the practice of law of a state (as in theocracy), this religious politics may not be a bad idea. For example, if those with authority look to God for advice on political matters, it gives them a chance to think about and receive information (either from God, or plain thinking it through in prayer, or even through the morals in religious scripture this neednt be a discussion of religious philosophy) about what may be the better decision. Obviously, if we take the Forms to be false (as most people do), then God would be the ultimate good, which means that those that understand God would have to hold the power, rather than philosophers.Of course, there has to be a line drawn between looking to God (or another spiritual being) for advice and forcing views on other people. Plato would argue that the people dont know what is good for them, and so should sureness whatever the authority says, but this isnt a realistic idea for people of today, who have fought for free speech for centuries. Nietzsche would both agree and disagree with this. He would agree in that the Ubermensch are the only ones that can be truly rulers, and that the vast majority of people dont know whats good for them. However, he wouldnt necessarily say that this was a bad thing, as if slaves are happy being slaves, then they have less of the Will to Power and therefore do (in a sense) know whats good for themselves personally.Of course, even if we convert Platos t heory on Authority to be establish around any religious ideals then it is still an argument against republic in that if an Authority must have something to be a good ruler, there is no point in asking the untrained masses to take for a good ruler. They wouldnt, presumably, be able to understand the Forms, or God, sufficiently enough to choose an Authority (or even understand that there could be an Authority) that would do the job to Platos standards. other Platos philosopher kings rely on their knowledge of the Forms to provide their moral code, which is then implemented upon the Republic. The Form of the Good provides the perfect moral code upon which to base the real (material) moral code. This is one of the main reasons why Plato requires his rulers to have philosophical knowledge they need to know the moral code upon which to base their own. Nietzsche, on the other hand, believes that everything is subjective, based on experience and opinion of the individual. This means that his philosopher supermen dont need to implement a moral code their only morals are the will to power. plane if this seems like a good idea in spite of appearance the context of Platos Republic, this Authority wouldnt make sense in todays politics. For example, there are many various types of religion, and within those religions, thousands of sub-sets. This means that, even without using the Forms, that this theocracy idea couldnt be imposed without some force (the implications of which will be discussed later). Secondly, using one type of morality based on dogmatic principles wouldnt hold sway for a similar reason there would be complaints (or even uprisings) about the lack of freedoms this gives. These are working reasons for the transfer not to take place.However, there are implications even if this were to be used in an ideal society (where all good ideas based upon an interchangeable ultimate value would be easily implemented with consequences). Its not ideal, from many vie wpoints, to force everyone to hold the same viewpoint (although Plato would argue that there is only one true viewpoint) and Nietzsches subjectivism would agree. Human nature would be indulged in an ideal world, if happiness was the ultimate value, and this calls for freedom to be a central concept of any Authority.Freedom to vote, to those in the UK, seems to be a basic human right with few restrictions. This means that democracy would seem to be part of an ideal society in hobbyhorse of happiness. There are good reasons for this we all have subjective opinions (as Nietzsche rightly said) and these need to be reflected in the way we are governed by an authority. For example, in most other situations, we would denote someone who we believe to be an authority on a subject. If we are ill, we talk to a doctor. If we want to dine out, we will consult a restaurant critic. Therefore, it seems sensible to leave governmental decisions to those with political knowledge. However, the teach ing of medicine is universally taught in a similar (if not identical) way there is little room for a subjective opinion.The more subjective something is, the less we can trust it. The restaurant critic, for example, will sway our views either way, but it probably wont be the final judgment. The reason it will still sway us is that there is still good and bad food. Politics, however, is different. Everything in politics is tout ensemble dependant on moral views, upbringing, teaching, the media and even the way your brain works. We cannot trust teachers of politics to be completely impartial when teaching the political theories. Teachers of religious studies are usually biased towards Christianity in this country, and politics teachers would probably be the same. People wouldnt be happy with simply going along with what the politicians say thats why people have died for democracy. Everyone has different views, and democracy is the best way to incorporate all (or most) of these when creating a government.There is, however, a problem with the amount of democracy to allow. The current system in the United Kingdom is for people to vote in a representative that they trust to make similar decisions to those that they would choose. Of course, the representative cannot be trusted to have exactly the same views, and therefore, should the vote be more open? If people were allowed to vote on any topic that interests them, what would happen? The government may be forced to ban petrol cars.The main question is, is it really democratic once elected? The system in the UK is not fully democratic. Plato would argue that the only way for a government to make truly right decisions (and therefore decisions that the public would have to agree with theres nothing to disagree with if something is right) is for them to know good be trained in abstract thought and philosophy. So democracy, to be worthwhile, perhaps needs to be more democratic, or Plato and Nietzsche have the right idea.Jeremy Bentham famously associated utilitarianism with democracy he believed that one vote per person would lead the the greatest good for the greatest number. This is because human nature naturally tends to lead us towards pleasure, as opposed to pain. And, because everyone has this same desire towards pleasure, democracy would effectively allow all of us to vote for pleasure, so to speak. This seems like a more feasible idea than relying on someone who, although in theory doesnt have personal interests, probably would be biased. Humans do tend to avoid pain, so an open vote would lead us away from pain.Change Nietzsche quotes on asceticismAnother important feature that both Nietzsche and Plato mention in their political philosophy is asceticism. Nietzsche mentions that the tests of self-deprivation that (Christians mostly) pervade westbound society are bad wherever religious neurosis has appeared on earth, we find it tied up with three dangerous dietary rules isolation, fa sting, and sexual abstinence. However, barely on in Beyond Good and Evil, he seemingly changes his mind. He guidances appropriating, injuring, overpowering those who are foreign and weaker oppression, harshness, forcing ones own forms on others, incorporation, and at the very least, at the very mildest, exploitation which would surely induce suffering, especially when considered with a modern mind. He then goes on to say in 270 that Profound suffering ennobles it separates. charge earlier on, in 40, he says that everything deep loves a mask surely a sign of internal suffering is being hidden? Presumably, deep is a good thing, as his description of his new philosophers necessitates that they are deep creatures.Plato, on the other hand, consistently advocates an ascetic lifestyle, especially when he is discussing his people in authority. They do not care for pleasures of this world those of body or silver. We can apply the same thoughts to asceticism as we can to Platos philosoph er without emotion. If a leader doesnt care for pleasures of this world, then surely they cannot truly understand the pleasures of this world whether they are philosophers or not. If the authority was supposed to be similar to a Christian God, then it would be omnipotent, and therefore know and understand everything a priori. However, neither Plato nor Nietzsche advocates a Christian God as the best authority and neither of them suggests that the leader would be omnipotent. Therefore, it would make sense to disagree with asceticism on the grounds that it would cause the perfect leader to have a lack of understanding about typical human pleasures.It will be evident by now that Nietzsche (and Plato, to an extent) advocates an oligarchy (albeit meritocratic) both place small groups of people in charge of the general public. They both have similar attitudes towards democracy, as well. Plato dismisses democracy he thinks that liberty (557b) and equality (558c) lead to a break down of all the essential characteristics of a philosopher-king. Evidently the very existence of a ruling class of philosopher kings is controversial to the central themes of democracy. liberty leads to a lack of self-discipline. He doesnt believe in equality as some humans are superior. Nietzsche has a similar idea he mentions that Every enhancement in the type man up to this point has been the work of an aristocratical society, which shows that he believes that an aristocratic society will further mans development.Although Plato seems to advocate a meritocratic oligarchy (although he wouldnt admit it), he doesnt recommend that his republic be based around money (also known as a plutocracy) where a small group of rich people, similar to an aristocracy, rule the lower classes. This would lead to an economic inequality between classes, which would create an environment which leads to and breeds beggars and thieves. It could also lead to a revolution between the rich and the poor. Another argument against plutocracies occurs in chapter VIII, Socrates says that wealth doesnt allow a pilot to sweep a ship, so wealth wouldnt allow an authority to rule a republic.Money seems to be a key problem with many theories of authority. It is often said that money corrupts people, so it could be argued that in any governmental system where the authority gets paid or is chosen because of its wealth would be corrupt. However, it is not practical to impose this most people associate power with money either subconsciously or consciously. The authority, even if chosen democratically, would want some reward for having to rule a country, and money is the usual and probably most desired reward.In The Prince, Machiavelli justified using force to gain and retain political power, and it, therefore, justifies any actions simply done to gain power. This may, of course, have influenced Nietzsche, who also advocates gaining power by force. In 257, he mentions that every noble (not in the typic al sense) civilisation has descended from barbarians, and that any courteous (and therefore aristocratic) society requires slavery. Plato agrees with this, he says that the most majestic society and man is tyranny and the tyrant.Although there are sections in The Republic where Plato seems to advocate violence, such as 465 where he says Arguments can be settled with fists, there and then, as they arise, when he discusses his perfect State he seems to believe that it will just come into being. For example, in 502, he mentions that the only way it could come about by a philosopher wiping the slate of human habits and society clean. This could, obviously, mean the annihilation of the human race, but it seems to mean just cleansing the mind of incorrect ideas. He then acknowledges that putting it into practice would be difficult which it wouldnt, if they just forced people into obeying, which makes it seem like he hopes that one day, it will happen, but he is not going to force it.Mor e examples of this anti-force opinion occur when he is discussing the types of government that he is against timarchy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny. He explains that oligarchy and tyranny can only come about by using force private wealth means that people feel that they have the right to keep the populace down by force. Democracy, he believes, causes excessive liberty, which then causes its own downfall. From this comes a tyrant, who is not afraid of murder and stirs up war. Another point he makes is that it is simply neer right to harm anyone at any time which obviously is a specific way of showing his feelings on violence and this would apply to taking a country or state by force.Of course, this helps to illustrate a key difference between power and authority. For example, we all have in us the physical strength to murder (although, obviously, we dont usually have the mental state to want to do it) and this is power in one sense just like a dictator killing thousands of p eople because he can. However, an authority differs from this in that it would be classed as capital punishment. So what is the difference? Why does an authority have the right and others do not?If an authority is de jure (with justification) although it may be difficult for some to think when murder would be justified then all its actions could be seen as justified by proxy, as if an authority is justified, the decisions they make would be somehow related to the reason they are in power. For example, Plato justifies his philosopher-kings by saying that they are the only ones who can have true knowledge of the forms, and, if this is true, then they know the Form of Good. So, if they murdered someone, then it would be based upon something theyve seen in the innate Form of Good.The balance between freedom and authority comes into question when discussing issues like the above. Even though the authority may be justified on its own terms, it may not be necessarily right. Using Plato a s an example again, the theory of the Forms is now commonly thought to be incorrect, and people wouldnt accept that as a reason to allow capital punishment. Even if there was a truly irrefutable source of justification, people will ceaselessly have differing views, especially on such an important topic. So how does an authority find the perfect balance between power and authority?Authoritarianism is a social theory popular with dictators and the like. It supports, at the totalitarian end of the spectrum, the total subjection of personal opinions (usually through oppression) and enforcing strict control upon those that live in the state. It often involves what many political philosophies would see as an erosion of civil rights and freedoms lack of a private life and suppression of religious beliefs, for example. Obviously, there are differing degrees of totalism and even the most democratic and liberal state must exercise its authority upon those within the state, but finding the right balance is important.Both Nietzsche and Plato advocate the subordination of those under the command of the philosophers, which means that their theories would be less easily accepted today than they would have been in the past. As previously mentioned, people have fought (and still are, particularly from the 20th century until today) for their civil rights and this includes their freedom, which means that an authoritarian government, like those advocated by Nietzsche and Plato, would be more difficult to impose today than ever before.This calls into question obedience to the state. The more democratic the state, the more free speech and dissent is usually allowed. However, as neither Plato nor Nietzsche advocate democracy, it is required to understand when noncompliance would be allowed. Of course, both would say that their state would be obedient at all times, but this is unrealistic. In a theocracy, the state executes the law of God. In Plato, God can be easily exchanged fo r The Forms.However, what would happen if people were to disagree with Platos theory, as many do? Would they be justified in breaking the law of something that they dont believe in? A true authority would mean that the law would either be unbreakable morally or that their authority was so tendinous that people could not, or would not, break the law. However, as has been seen, it is difficult to see where Plato or Nietzsches arguments would lead to such an authority. Although disobedience of the law is obviously illegal, sometimes mass disobedience, in the UK at least, can lead to a change of law. Plato would disagree that this is even possible.If duty to the State is accepted, it is still possible to find examples when the law can be disobeyed. As the duty of the state is to protect the people (and, for my example, this includes their freedom), state infringement of this freedom could cause the person involve to break the law to retrieve their liberty.Another issue arises (in the c ase of democratic government and perhaps in Nietzsches subjective government) in that if the majority part utilises a law, should the minority who didnt vote be forced to follow it? It wasnt their choice for that law to be enforced. Of course, with major things that infringe on human rights, like murder and domestic violence, should be universally enforced, but what about poll tax and property protection? If it was enforced by a government of authority that imposed itself, this could be an issue in that it is unfair to enforce laws that almost all of the population disagree with.In some cases, it could be considered immoral, but Plato would disagree, as the Rulers are following the only moral code that exists. Platos philosopher kings rely on their knowledge of the Forms to provide their moral code, which is then implemented upon the republic. The Form of the Good provides the perfect moral code upon which to base the real (material) moral code. This is one of the main reasons why Plato requires his rulers to have philosophical knowledge they need to know the moral code upon which to base their own. Nietzsche, however, believes that everything is subjective, based on experience and opinion of the individual. This means that his philosopher supermen dont need to implement a moral code as previously mentioned, their only moral is the will to power.Nietzsche never specifically argues for a government system like we have today. For example, he mentions that his free spirit up should be in power, but also says that religion should be allowed for the common people. This shows, slightly patronisingly, that he is not expecting the common people to understand the rulers (much like the lower classes today are note expected to understand politics) which is obviously a very sweeping judgement, and could be considered as harsh and pro-Big Brighter in support of a tyrannical state. Although Nietzsche did support tyrant, he did appreciate the subjectivism of morals and o pinion, and was not advocating forcing ones views upon others (unlike Hitler).His lack of respect for democracy is not the only thing that calls into question modern government. He doesnt even specify if there should be a (totalitarian?) leader at all, merely that the free spirits would hold power as such. His appreciation of subjectivity means that a leader would not strictly work all views are different, so no leader would be truly right. The free spirit seems merely to be an authority to show others with the will to power what they can achieve.ConclusionBoth of these systems involve elements of the totalitarian about them. Plato seems to advocate both communism in monetary matters and lifestyle and the complete opposite when it comes to defining differences between peoples. He argues strongly for different classes of people, like Nietzsche, and for an authority that is placed in power with no choice. Its not as bad as it seems, if one agrees with the justification of the argument however, it would be a long struggle for people to accept it. Nietzsche, on the other hand, has often been blamed for inspiring Hitler (which is untrue, as Nietzsche despised racism and anti-Semitism), and it is easy to see why, as he advocates gaining authority by force, relishes in aristocratic barbarianism, and believes that there are levels of people.This means that their theories on authority arent very practical, and neither de jure or de facto, particularly by modern standards. A preferable system, therefore, would be a mix of Platos equality for women, Nietzsches appreciation for the artistic nature, and (include other philosophers). Of course, its unforeseeable to be able to find a perfect authority, one who is justified, true, moral and recognised. As Nietzsche said, all philosophy to date has been personal confession if this is true (which it seems likely to be), then there will never be a perfect authority, justified and recognised by all.